DND ICPD-PA An assessment of African experiences

Reproductive Health Components	Rate of Implementation	No of Responses


TABLES USED IN THE TEXT

Table 1 Reported implementation of recent strategies, measures & legislation of RH and RRs by ECA Member States
Family planning	65.8%	38

Maternal morality	67.6%	37

Infant mortality	63.9%	36

Prevention & appropriate treatment of infertility/sub-fertility	50.0%	34

Role of men in sexual & reproductive health	55.3%	38

Reproductive health for refugees and/or displaced persons	29.4%	34
Source: Question 127 Country Questionnaire


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Reproductive Health Components	Rate of Implementation	No of Responses

Table 2 Percentage distribution of ECA Member States implementing selected RH components within their PHC system
Family Planning	100%	39

Prevention of STDs/HIV/AIDS	100%	40

Discouragement of Female Genital Mutilation	67.3%	31

Adolescent Reproductive Health Information & Services	97.5%	40

Prevention of infertility & sub-fertility	79.5%	39

Prevention of Abortion & Management of the Consequences of Abortion	97.2%	36

Safe Motherhood	100%	38
Source: Question 126 Country Questionnaire


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Policies/Plans/Legislation	Rate of Implementation	No of Responses

Table 3 Percentage distribution of ECA Member States implementing policies, plans & legislation affecting accessibility to RH services
National Policy for the provision of Contraceptives at minimal cost or without charges
At minimal cost or without charges	92.9%	28
At minimal and without charges	90.3%	31

Policies, programmes and laws favourable to adolescent reproductive health	78.9%	38

Legislation or policy that prohibits provision of family planning services to
Unmarried persons	0.0%	39
Persons below a given age	13.9%	36

Legislation or policy that prohibits abortion	87.5%	40

Safe pregnancy strategic or operational plan	90.0%	40

National breastfeeding policy & plan	92.5%	40

National strategic plan to control reproductive tract infections & sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS	100%	39
Source: Question 126 Country Questionnaire


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Policies/Plans/Programmes	Rate of Implementation	No of Responses

Table 4 Percentage distribution of ECA Member States implementing policies, plans & programmes protecting RRs
Measures already taken to ensure that men and women are aware of their reproductive rights and can exercise these rights	79.5%	39

Provision to protect the basic rights of HIV positive with reference to:
Employment	38.7%	39
Marriage	34.4%	32
Travel	34.4%	32

Legislation that sets a legal minimum age at marriage	84.6%	39

Policy measures to eliminate
Female genital mutilation	50.0%	28
Prenatal sex selection	6.1%	33
Source: Question 125 Country Questionnaire


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Policies/Measures/Programmes	Rate of Implementation	No of Responses

Table 5 Percentage distribution of ECA Member States implementing policies, measures & programmes related to Gender issues
Institutional arrangement for the implementation of the ICPD-PA recommendations put in place	89.7%	39

Ratification & implementation of the Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimation against women
Ratified	89.7%	39
Implementing	79.4%	34
Actions taken to promote women's full participation in the labour force	94.9%	39

Actions taken to promote women's full participation in decision making	91.7%	36

Actions taken to tailor extension & technical services to women producers	87.2%	39

Actions taken to improve the collection, analysis, dissemination & use of gender-disaggregated data in education & health	97.3%	37

Actions taken to enhance equal opportunities for and legal protection of the girl child	84.2%	38

Strategies or measures adopted to increase age at marriage	48.7%	39

Actions taken to focus research efforts on the division of labour, access to income, control within the household and socio-cultural factors which affect gender equality	71.1%	38

Actions taken to gather information on women's knowledge of traditional practices and skills	61.8%	34

Strategies adopted (including changes in legislation) to ensure empowerment of women	86.5%	39


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NGO involvement in FP	Rate of Involvement	No of Responses

Table 6 Reported Involvement of NGOs in FP Programmes, ECA member states
Research in Family Planning
Local Women's Groups	64.7%	34
Youth Groups	53.1%	32
Religious Leaders/Groups	54.8%	31
Trade Unions	20.7%	29
Cooperatives	22.2%	27
Design of Family Planning Programmes
Local Women's Groups	75.0%	32
Youth Groups	64.7%	34
Religious Leaders/Groups	64.5%	31
Trade Unions	34.5%	29
Cooperatives	32.1%	28
Implementation of Family Planning Programmes
Local Women's Groups	81.1%	37
Youth Groups	78.9%	38
Religious Leaders/Groups	68.6%	35
Trade Unions	36.7%	30
Cooperatives	40.6%	32
Monitoring of Family Planning Programmes
Local Women's Groups	75.7%	37
Youth Groups	70.3%	37
Religious Leaders/Groups	60.0%	35
Trade Unions	30.0%	30
Cooperatives	34.5%	29
Evaluation of Family Planning Programmes
Local Women's Groups	69.4%	36
Youth Groups	58.3%	36
Religious Leaders/Groups	54.5%	33
Trade Unions	24.1%	29
Cooperatives	21.4%	28


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NGO involvement in RH	Rate of Involvement	No of Responses

Table 7 Reported Involvement of NGOs in RH Programmes, ECA member states
Research in Reproductive Health
Local Women's Groups	58.1%	31
Youth Groups	52.9%	34
Religious Leaders/Groups	56.3%	32
Trade Unions	17.2%	29
Cooperatives	8.7%	23
Design of Reproductive Health Programmes
Local Women's Groups	75.8%	33
Youth Groups	65.7%	35
Religious Leaders/Groups	68.8%	32
Trade Unions	27.6%	29
Cooperatives	20.8%	24
Implementation of Reproductive Health Programmes
Local Women's Groups	86.1%	36
Youth Groups	81.1%	37
Religious Leaders/Groups	76.5%	34
Trade Unions	35.7%	28
Cooperatives	28.0%	25
Monitoring of Reproductive Health Programmes
Local Women's Groups	66.7%	33
Youth Groups	55.9%	34
Religious Leaders/Groups	61.3%	31
Trade Unions	25.0%	28
Cooperatives	16.7%	24
Evaluation of Reproductive Health Programmes
Local Women's Groups	60.0%	34
Youth Groups	57.6%	33
Religious Leaders/Groups	63.3%	30
Trade Unions	21.4%	28
Cooperatives	17.4%	23
Source: Question 130 & 131 Country Questionnaire


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NGO involvement in HIV/AIDS	Rate of Involvement	No of Responses

Table 8 Reported Involvement of NGOs in the implementation of HIV/AIDS Programmes, ECA member states
Research in HIV/AIDS
Local Women's Groups	55.6%	36
Youth Groups	54.1%	37
Religious Leaders/Groups	50.0%	34
Trade Unions	32.1%	28
Cooperatives	21.4%	28
Design of HIV/AIDS Programmes
Local Women's Groups	80.0%	35
Youth Groups	80.6%	36
Religious Leaders/Groups	73.5%	34
Trade Unions	44.4%	27
Cooperatives	39.3%	28
Implementation of HIV/AIDS Programmes
Local Women's Groups	83.3%	36
Youth Groups	87.2%	39
Religious Leaders/Groups	80.0%	35
Trade Unions	54.8%	31
Cooperatives	53.3%	30
Monitoring of HIV/AIDS Programmes
Local Women's Groups	75.0%	36
Youth Groups	68.4%	38
Religious Leaders/Groups	65.7%	35
Trade Unions	37.9%	29
Cooperatives	35.7%	28
Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Programmes
Local Women's Groups	74.3%	35
Youth Groups	64.9%	37
Religious Leaders/Groups	66.7%	33
Trade Unions	35.7%	28
Cooperatives	34.6%	26
Source: Question 132 & 133 Country Questionnaire


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Constraints on Implementation	Countries	No of Responses

Table 9 Reported constraints related to inadequate technical & institutional capabilities re the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA
Lack of national technical capabilities to establish population and developmenmt interrelationships within the country	50.0%	40

Lack of clearly defined strategies for the implementation of population policies and programmes	56.4%	39

Lack of skills for the promotion and implementation of population policies and programmes	38.5%	39

Low priority for population IEC activities	61.5%	39

Inadequate integration of population variables into development planning	76.9%	39

Political instability and high staff turnover that reduce the chances of maintaining one direction in development policy	57.9%	38
Source: Question 152 Country Questionnaire


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Constraints on Implementation	Countries	No of Responses

Table 10 Reported constraints related to inadequate coordination of activities re the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA
Lack of cooperation betwen relevant sectoral ministries	56.4%	39

Low degree of involvement of women in programme formulation, implementation, and evaluation	56.4%	39

Low degree of involvement of NGOs in programme formulation, implementation and evaluation	68.4%	38

Inadequate cooperation between government and non-governmental organizations	63.2%	38

Inadequate cooperation with international organizations	55.6%	36

Poor coordination of activities with foreign partners	69.4%	36
Source: Question 153 Country Questionnaire


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Areas of Government expenditure	Maintained		Increased		Decreased

Table 11 Reported trend in Government spending on selected population and development activities since 1994, ECA member States
	%	N	%	N	%	N
Reproductive health & family planning Services	14.7%	34	76.5%	34	8.8%	34

Reproductive health needs of adolescents	25.0%	28	64.3%	28	10.7%	28

Primary health care services	14.7%	34	76.5%	34	8.8%	34

Sexually transmitted diseases/HIV/AIDS	12.9%	31	77.4%	31	9.7%	31

Female school enrolment	13.3%	30	76.7%	30	10.0%	30
Source: Question 149 Country Questionnaire


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Economic Constraints	Countries	No of Responses

Table 12 Reported economic constraints re the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA
Persistence of socio-economic crisis	76.3%	38

Implementation of structural adjustment programmes	77.8%	36

Abandoning of the medium and long term planning	51.4%	37
Source: Question 151 Country Questionnaire


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Financial Constraints	Countries	No of Responses

Table 13 Reported financial constraints re the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA
Difficulty in mobilizing domestic resources for population programmes	80.5%	41

Insufficient external financial resources for population programmes	55.0%	40

Inadequate funding of population activities	55.0%	40

Population activities not assigned a budget line in the National Budget	38.9%	36
Source: Question 154 Country Questionnaire


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IEC/Advocacy Strategies	Rate of Adoption	No of Responses

Table 14 Reported IEC/Advocacy Strategies adopted for disseminating information on population & development
Widespread media reporting (newspaper, radio, TV)	82.5%	40

Formal presentation to parliament	61.5%	39

Seminars, workshops & meetings	92.1%	38

Dissemination of related information to:
Policy makers & government officials	89.7%	39
General public	75.7%	37
Service providers	89.7%	39
NGOs	84.2%	38
Youth & Women Groups	79.5%	39
Religious Institutions	77.8%	36
Source: Question 138 Country Questionnaire


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IEC/Advocacy Strategies	Rate of Development	No of Responses

Table 15 Reported Development of IEC/Advocacy Strategies within Sectoral Programmes, ECA Member States
Population & development	80.5%	41
Poverty alleviation	71.8%	39
Environment preservation	78.0%	41
People's participation	71.1%	38
Adolescents & youth	90.2%	41
Empowerment of women	87.8%	41
Gender equality & equity	84.6%	39
Reproductive health	92.3%	39
Family planning	92.5%	40
Source: Question 139 Country Questionnaire


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	Countries in which actors are found

Table 16 Reported Actors in the Development & Implementation of IEC/Advocacy Strategies, ECA Member States
Implementors of IEC/Advocacy	Percentage	No of Responses
Government Institutions
Ministry of Information, Communication	91.9	37
Ministry of Culture	83.8	37
Ministry of Education	94.9	39
Ministry of Health	94.9	39
Ministry of Youth	86.5	37

Non-governmental Institutions
NGOs dealing with Development Issues	81.6	38
NGOs dealing with Women	92.3	39
NGOs dealing with Youth	92.1	38

Private Organisations	54.3	35

General Public	70.6	34

Opinion Leaders
Religious Leaders	84.2	38
Policy Leaders	78.4	37
Civil Society Leaders	56.3	32
Source: Question 140 Country Questionnaire


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Coordination of IEC/Advocacy functions	Rate of Coordination	No of Responses

Table 17 Reported Coordination of IEC/Advocacy Functions ECA Member States
IEC strategy development	76.9	39
Message & material development	69.2	39
Message dissemination	71.8	39
Research & evaluation	68.4	38
Training	64.1	39
Information Exchange	65.8	38
Source: Question 141 Country Questionnaire


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